50) In 1618, a war broke out in ......between the Catholics and the Protestants, which lasted for thirty years. Hence it is known as the Thirty Years War.

51) Who questioned the sale of indulgences in 1517 by the agents of Pope X?

52) The ..aroused a spirit of adventure as well as a great deal of curiosity among the Europeans.

53) _____ was captured by the Ottoman Turks in 1453

54) After the fall of...., the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, into the hands of the fanatical Ottoman Turks, the trade routes lying within the Turkish empire, were closed to European traders.