Mobile substation

Mining substation

Secondary substation

Distribution substation

Whole string become useless

No effect operates normally

Only the damaged disc will not function

Damaged insulator and the adjacent insulator will not function

Keeping binding turns very close

Making binding turns very tight

Providing guard wires below the conductors

Providing more than one binding

Becomes negligible

Increases to maximum

No effect, remain same

Decreases half of the value