9) Which instrument is used for transferring the points to the ground while chaining on a sloping ground?

10) What is the process of establishing intermediate points in line with the terminal points before measuring a distance by using chain?

11) Which type of ranging is adopted while end stations are intervisible?

12) Which type of ranging is adopted, while end stations are not intervisible?

13) What is an offset measured other than at right angles to the chain line?