18
18 electrons are there in the third shell of copper atom.
Kirchhoff's second law
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law or Kirchhoff's Second Law states that “in any closed loop network, the total voltage around the loop is equal to the sum of all the voltage drops within the same loop” which is also equal to zero.
Tesla
The tesla (symbol: T) is the unit of magnetic flux density (also called magnetic B-field strength) in the International System of Units (SI). One tesla is equal to one weber per square metre.
Current x Time
The unit of quantity of electricity is called the coulomb.
A coulomb is the quantity of electricity which passes any point in a circuit in 1 second when a steady current of 1 ampere is flowing. It follows that the total quantity of electricity Q, in coulombs, which passes any point in an electric circuit is given by multiplying the current I, in amperes, by the time t, in seconds.
The formula for Quantity of Electricity (Q) is = Current x Time
Ampere hour
The capacity of batteries is typically specified in terms of the total amount of electrical charge it can store. The unit of measurement for battery capacity is usually either ampere-hours (Ah) or milliampere-hours (mAh). Here's a brief explanation of these units:
Ampere-Hours (Ah):
- One ampere-hour is equal to the flow of one ampere of current for one hour.
- It is a larger unit and is commonly used for larger batteries, such as car batteries or deep-cycle batteries.
Milliampere-Hours (mAh):
- One milliampere-hour is equal to the flow of one milliampere of current for one hour.
- It is a smaller unit and is commonly used for smaller batteries, such as those in smartphones, cameras, or other portable electronic devices.
Battery capacity (AH) is defined as a product of the current that is drawn from the battery while the battery is able to supply the load until its voltage is dropped to lower than a certain value for each cell. Capacity of batteries usually expressed in Ampere Hour (AH).