70.5 Kilo calories

71.0 Kilo calories

71.6 Kilo calories

72.1 Kilo calories

Radiate the heat properly

Retain the heating element firmly

Place the vessels firmly on heater plate

Protect the heating element from damage

Acts as a balancing weight

Acts as an insulator for element

Protect the kettle base from damage

Keep the element in close contact with container

1.5 V A.C

2.0 V A.C

3.0 V A.C

3.2 V A.C

Worn out brushes

Armature coil open

Defective commutator

Field winding partially short